My journey into OT security has led me to the question of can we safely operate automated security orchestration platforms in an OT environment or a converged OT/IT environment? I mean many OT systems are already highly automated operations. What are the ramifications of providing security responses in a highly automated manner? I learned that […]

This election year spurred me into researching the cyber resilience of OT / IoT systems, of which electronic election systems are a subset. I discovered there was quite a bit of synergy between cyber resilience and mod-sim. As I explored the relationship I became convinced that any OT or IoT system of consequence could significantly […]

A Plethora of Standards and Guidance for OT / IoT Security In my research into OT and IoT systems security, I have come across a plethora of guidance and standards from various organizations and standards bodies. To some extent, this wide range of guidance is difficult to get your arms around to figure out what […]

Recently, I was talking with my daughter, the engineer, about testing. She is the lead engineer for payload integration and test for a large NASA space telescope. Our discussion got me to thinking about cyber testing and test metrics. From her space telescope perspective, it is very expensive to conduct tests, with some tests requiring […]

Many years ago I was hosting a series of workshops on a variety of security topics. One of those topics dealt with role-based, attribute-based, and policy-based access control approaches and I was lucky to get Mr. Dave Ferraiolo as one of my presenters for the workshop. Dave has been a long-time evangelist for NIST on […]

My most recent article discussed the first 5 of my top 10 recommended security capabilities for OT and IIoT systems. Here they are again for your reference. Capability 1: Real-time visibility and compliance tracking of assets that may have limited function and power Capability 2: Real-time anomaly detection including increased use of AI/ML technology and […]

A Growing Security Threat Against Critical Infrastructure In 2009 there were less than a billion IoT devices in use. According to Statista, that number is expected to increase to more than 20 billion by 2020 and continue to grow at a rapid pace. Besides a growing number of devices, there are multiple, varied, and connected […]

Industry 4.0 Ushers In the Age of Digitalization Industry 4.0, or the fourth wave of the Industrial Revolution, leverages connectivity and autonomous operation to create robust Industrial IoT (IIoT) applications that will work in conjunction with legacy Operational Technology (OT). Industry 4.0 can be summed up as the digitalization of everything industrial. This includes digitalization […]